full transcript
From the Ted Talk by Mark Kendall: Demo A needle-free vaccine patch that's safer and way cheaper
Unscramble the Blue Letters
So, we had to do that gbamle. We obtained an influenza vaccine, we applied it to our Nanopatches and we applied the Nanopatches to the skin, and we waited — and this is in the live animal. We waited a month, and this is what we found out. This is a data slide showing the immune responses that we've generated with a Nanopatch compared to the needle and syringe into muscle. So on the hronoitazl axis we have the dose shown in nanograms. On the vertical axis we have the iunmme response generated, and that dashed line indicates the protection threshold. If we're above that line it's considered protective; if we're below that line it's not. So the red line is mostly below that curve and indeed there's only one point that is aheecivd with the needle that's ptvecirtoe, and that's with a high dose of 6,000 nomanargs. But notice immediately the distinctly different curve that we ahicvee with the blue line. That's what's achieved with the Nanopatch; the dvereiled dose of the Nanopatch is a completely different immunogenicity curve. That's a real fresh onrtpoiupty. Suddenly we have a brand new lever in the wolrd of vncaceis. We can push it one way, where we can take a vaccine that works but is too expensive and can get protection with a hundredth of the dose compared to the needle. That can take a vnciace that's suddenly 10 dollars down to 10 ctnes, and that's particularly inpmartot within the developing world.
Open Cloze
So, we had to do that ______. We obtained an influenza vaccine, we applied it to our Nanopatches and we applied the Nanopatches to the skin, and we waited — and this is in the live animal. We waited a month, and this is what we found out. This is a data slide showing the immune responses that we've generated with a Nanopatch compared to the needle and syringe into muscle. So on the __________ axis we have the dose shown in nanograms. On the vertical axis we have the ______ response generated, and that dashed line indicates the protection threshold. If we're above that line it's considered protective; if we're below that line it's not. So the red line is mostly below that curve and indeed there's only one point that is ________ with the needle that's __________, and that's with a high dose of 6,000 _________. But notice immediately the distinctly different curve that we _______ with the blue line. That's what's achieved with the Nanopatch; the _________ dose of the Nanopatch is a completely different immunogenicity curve. That's a real fresh ___________. Suddenly we have a brand new lever in the _____ of ________. We can push it one way, where we can take a vaccine that works but is too expensive and can get protection with a hundredth of the dose compared to the needle. That can take a _______ that's suddenly 10 dollars down to 10 _____, and that's particularly _________ within the developing world.
Solution
- nanograms
- immune
- important
- cents
- vaccine
- world
- achieve
- vaccines
- protective
- gamble
- delivered
- achieved
- horizontal
- opportunity
Original Text
So, we had to do that gamble. We obtained an influenza vaccine, we applied it to our Nanopatches and we applied the Nanopatches to the skin, and we waited — and this is in the live animal. We waited a month, and this is what we found out. This is a data slide showing the immune responses that we've generated with a Nanopatch compared to the needle and syringe into muscle. So on the horizontal axis we have the dose shown in nanograms. On the vertical axis we have the immune response generated, and that dashed line indicates the protection threshold. If we're above that line it's considered protective; if we're below that line it's not. So the red line is mostly below that curve and indeed there's only one point that is achieved with the needle that's protective, and that's with a high dose of 6,000 nanograms. But notice immediately the distinctly different curve that we achieve with the blue line. That's what's achieved with the Nanopatch; the delivered dose of the Nanopatch is a completely different immunogenicity curve. That's a real fresh opportunity. Suddenly we have a brand new lever in the world of vaccines. We can push it one way, where we can take a vaccine that works but is too expensive and can get protection with a hundredth of the dose compared to the needle. That can take a vaccine that's suddenly 10 dollars down to 10 cents, and that's particularly important within the developing world.
Frequently Occurring Word Combinations
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cold chain |
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needle phobia |
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million deaths |
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immune responses |
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large numbers |
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needlestick injuries |
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tough outer |
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outer layer |
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vaccines work |
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immune response |
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jammed full |
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developing world |
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Important Words
- achieve
- achieved
- animal
- applied
- axis
- blue
- brand
- cents
- compared
- completely
- considered
- curve
- dashed
- data
- delivered
- developing
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- generated
- high
- horizontal
- hundredth
- immediately
- immune
- immunogenicity
- important
- influenza
- lever
- line
- live
- month
- muscle
- nanograms
- nanopatch
- nanopatches
- needle
- notice
- obtained
- opportunity
- point
- protection
- protective
- push
- real
- red
- response
- responses
- showing
- shown
- skin
- slide
- suddenly
- syringe
- threshold
- vaccine
- vaccines
- vertical
- waited
- works
- world