full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Mark Kendall: Demo A needle-free vaccine patch that's safer and way cheaper

Unscramble the Blue Letters

So, we had to do that gbamle. We obtained an influenza vaccine, we applied it to our Nanopatches and we applied the Nanopatches to the skin, and we waited — and this is in the live animal. We waited a month, and this is what we found out. This is a data slide showing the immune responses that we've generated with a Nanopatch compared to the needle and syringe into muscle. So on the hronoitazl axis we have the dose shown in nanograms. On the vertical axis we have the iunmme response generated, and that dashed line indicates the protection threshold. If we're above that line it's considered protective; if we're below that line it's not. So the red line is mostly below that curve and indeed there's only one point that is aheecivd with the needle that's ptvecirtoe, and that's with a high dose of 6,000 nomanargs. But notice immediately the distinctly different curve that we ahicvee with the blue line. That's what's achieved with the Nanopatch; the dvereiled dose of the Nanopatch is a completely different immunogenicity curve. That's a real fresh onrtpoiupty. Suddenly we have a brand new lever in the wolrd of vncaceis. We can push it one way, where we can take a vaccine that works but is too expensive and can get protection with a hundredth of the dose compared to the needle. That can take a vnciace that's suddenly 10 dollars down to 10 ctnes, and that's particularly inpmartot within the developing world.

Open Cloze

So, we had to do that ______. We obtained an influenza vaccine, we applied it to our Nanopatches and we applied the Nanopatches to the skin, and we waited — and this is in the live animal. We waited a month, and this is what we found out. This is a data slide showing the immune responses that we've generated with a Nanopatch compared to the needle and syringe into muscle. So on the __________ axis we have the dose shown in nanograms. On the vertical axis we have the ______ response generated, and that dashed line indicates the protection threshold. If we're above that line it's considered protective; if we're below that line it's not. So the red line is mostly below that curve and indeed there's only one point that is ________ with the needle that's __________, and that's with a high dose of 6,000 _________. But notice immediately the distinctly different curve that we _______ with the blue line. That's what's achieved with the Nanopatch; the _________ dose of the Nanopatch is a completely different immunogenicity curve. That's a real fresh ___________. Suddenly we have a brand new lever in the _____ of ________. We can push it one way, where we can take a vaccine that works but is too expensive and can get protection with a hundredth of the dose compared to the needle. That can take a _______ that's suddenly 10 dollars down to 10 _____, and that's particularly _________ within the developing world.

Solution

  1. nanograms
  2. immune
  3. important
  4. cents
  5. vaccine
  6. world
  7. achieve
  8. vaccines
  9. protective
  10. gamble
  11. delivered
  12. achieved
  13. horizontal
  14. opportunity

Original Text

So, we had to do that gamble. We obtained an influenza vaccine, we applied it to our Nanopatches and we applied the Nanopatches to the skin, and we waited — and this is in the live animal. We waited a month, and this is what we found out. This is a data slide showing the immune responses that we've generated with a Nanopatch compared to the needle and syringe into muscle. So on the horizontal axis we have the dose shown in nanograms. On the vertical axis we have the immune response generated, and that dashed line indicates the protection threshold. If we're above that line it's considered protective; if we're below that line it's not. So the red line is mostly below that curve and indeed there's only one point that is achieved with the needle that's protective, and that's with a high dose of 6,000 nanograms. But notice immediately the distinctly different curve that we achieve with the blue line. That's what's achieved with the Nanopatch; the delivered dose of the Nanopatch is a completely different immunogenicity curve. That's a real fresh opportunity. Suddenly we have a brand new lever in the world of vaccines. We can push it one way, where we can take a vaccine that works but is too expensive and can get protection with a hundredth of the dose compared to the needle. That can take a vaccine that's suddenly 10 dollars down to 10 cents, and that's particularly important within the developing world.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
cold chain 7
needle phobia 3
million deaths 3
immune responses 3
large numbers 3
needlestick injuries 2
tough outer 2
outer layer 2
vaccines work 2
immune response 2
brown layer 2
jammed full 2
developing world 2
historical footnote 2

ngrams of length 3

collocation frequency
tough outer layer 2

Important Words

  1. achieve
  2. achieved
  3. animal
  4. applied
  5. axis
  6. blue
  7. brand
  8. cents
  9. compared
  10. completely
  11. considered
  12. curve
  13. dashed
  14. data
  15. delivered
  16. developing
  17. distinctly
  18. dollars
  19. dose
  20. expensive
  21. fresh
  22. gamble
  23. generated
  24. high
  25. horizontal
  26. hundredth
  27. immediately
  28. immune
  29. immunogenicity
  30. important
  31. influenza
  32. lever
  33. line
  34. live
  35. month
  36. muscle
  37. nanograms
  38. nanopatch
  39. nanopatches
  40. needle
  41. notice
  42. obtained
  43. opportunity
  44. point
  45. protection
  46. protective
  47. push
  48. real
  49. red
  50. response
  51. responses
  52. showing
  53. shown
  54. skin
  55. slide
  56. suddenly
  57. syringe
  58. threshold
  59. vaccine
  60. vaccines
  61. vertical
  62. waited
  63. works
  64. world